COVID-19 Curated Data, Modeling, and Policy Resources

The COVID-19 Nursing Home Public File pulls together data reported by nursing homes to the CDC’s National Healthcare Safety Network system COVID-19 Long Term Care Facility Module. The dataset includes nursing home-level information on confirmed and suspected COVID-19 cases and deaths among nursing home residents and staff, as well as information on facility capacity, PPE supply, and ventilator capacity. The data are updated weekly.

The USAFacts COVID-19 dashboard displays maps showing COVID-19 cases and deaths by county and state and graphs showing daily counts of cases and deaths over time (overall, by state, and by county). Their data, which is collected from state and county-level webpages, is updated daily and available for download.

This dashboard provides state- and county-level COVID-19 viral and antibody testing rates, positive and negative test results, and testing results disaggregated by age and gender. The data are collected from more than 20,000 lab testing locations (based on data supplied by Lab Coalition members). While this does not represent all testing being conducted across the U.S., the real-time updates on the dashboard can help identify trends in testing and results. Public health officials and people affiliated with healthcare organizations must create an account (free) to access the dashboard.

This website contains case and test counts, projections of COVID-19 deaths, and a map showing state-level reopening status (coded as shut down/restricted, reopening soon, or partial reopening).

This website includes maps of the U.S. showing various metrics related to case counts. It also includes a narrative detailing the latest news and findings related to COVID-19. The data for all the graphs are available on Github.

This dashboard contains case counts of COVID-19 around the world, by country and region. It also lists information about world-wide travel restrictions, as well as links to the WHO for advice and information on the virus for the public. It pulls data from government sources and new organizations.

The COVID Tracking Project has state-level case information for states across the United States. It includes links to data sources for each state as well as historical trends. It aims to provide the most comprehensive data on state-level testing for the novel coronavirus, filling gaps left by the CDC in its reported testing data. The project explains that testing is a crucial part of any public health response and sharing testing data is a necessary part of understanding this outbreak. This Google Document contains recommendations on the type of data states should report for maximum civic understanding. This link contains case numbers from the COVID Tracking Project by state in Excel spreadsheet form. This web page has national case numbers from the COVID Tracking Project in the United States, by date.

This website has graphs and tables showing counts of confirmed cases, daily new cases, and deaths, by continent and country. The graphs and tables are based on data compiled from the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and reliable media sources (such as CNN and the BBC).

This dashboard shows case counts by region across the world. Raw data are available on HealthMap’s  Github page. The dashboard is a partnership between various organizations, universities, and hospitals.

This dashboard pulls together multiple data sources to display confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries from COVID-19 globally. In the United States, cases are documented at the county level. In China, data are at the province level. In Canada and Australia, data are at the city level. The remaining data are at the country level. Related links include a GitHub repository with all of the data sources used, a GIS feature layer with up-to-date information on COVID-19 cases, and other resources (such as an interactive case map visualization and guidelines on hygiene meant to inform both the public and policymakers about how to respond to the virus).

These worldwide data are consolidated continually. U.S. data include counts for each state and county, and some other jurisdictions.

CDC’s COVID-19 web page includes links to each state’s public health website, where state-level reports can be found. State-level data may be more current than CDC data, as they may be updated before those updates are provided to CDC.

An overview of the number of COVID-19 cases in the U.S., overall and by state. The web page shows the national trend in COVID-19 cases by their report date and by the estimated date of illness onset. The page includes links to each state’s coronavirus web page.

This dashboard includes information on COVID-19 cases and testing at the county level in the United States and province level in Canada. It also includes information on school closures and other impacts COVID-19 has had on events throughout the world.

This website is an example of state-level data collection organized to provide information on coronavirus case counts (example as of 3/26) in Massachusetts by county, the number of residents under quarantine, and guidelines for lab testing of patients with suspected COVID-19 (with FAQs).

Hospitals and health care systems are reporting and tracking their own cases.  These data may include more detail and more current reports than consolidated data, as they may not have reached state- or CDC-level reporting yet.  This example from Albany, Georgia provides daily updates of case counts including cases that are positive, negative, tested, awaiting test results, and in or out of a hospital.

COVIDcast displays a map of real-time COVID-19 indicators (such as doctor visits, Facebook symptom reports, and Google search trends) for counties, metropolitan areas, and states across the U.S. Each indicator may vary in intensity (reflecting mild or more severe disease symptoms) over time. Taken together, these indicators may suggest heightened or rising COVID-19 activity in specific locations, and are being used as inputs to CMU’s pandemic forecasting system (to be announced at a later date). The code is available on Github.

This page includes maps and figures showing changes in population mobility over time, based on anonymized/de-identified mobile phone data collected by Descartes Labs. Descartes Labs has made state- and county-level aggregations of their data available via GitHub. The data are updated "regularly".

Unacast's dashboard shows county-level data on social distancing scores they've derived, percent changes in those scores over time, and each state's and county's assigned grade based on levels of decrease in the social distancing measures they calculate. Unacast uses mobile phone data to estimate changes in (1) average distance traveled, (2) trips to non-essential venues, and (3) number of human encounters. They estimate human encounters based on the probabilty that two mobile devices are in the same place at the same time.

This page includes graphs of daily mobility trends and percent changes in mobility levels compared to pre-COVID-19 mobility, by mode of transportation (walking, driving, or public transit). Data are provided by country, sub-region, county/region, and city and are updated daily.

Reports show daily country-, state-, and region-/county-level percent changes in mobility, by type of location visited (retail & recreation, grocery & pharmacy, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential).

This platform provides data and metrics on COVID-19’s impact on population mobility, broken down by state trip type and date range, with daily data updates. The platform is based on research findings from a multidisciplinary team of researchers at the Maryland Transportation Institute, working in partnership with the Center for Advanced Transportation Technology Laboratory. The platform is intended to inform the general public and support decision making.

This National Syndromic Surveillance Program (NSSP) landing page has links to tools to help epidemiologists find cases of COVID-19, including a resource center and information pages. The NSSP is a collaboration among CDC, federal partners, local and state health departments, and academic and private sector partners that have formed a community of practice to collect, analyze, and share electronic patient encounter data received from emergency departments, urgent and ambulatory care centers, inpatient health care settings, and laboratories. Syndromic surveillance provides real-time information about changes in patient and usage patterns that allow for rapid response. Data are integrated through the shared BioSENSE platform. 

Washington State is using the CDC National Syndromic Surveillance Program’s (NSSP’s) ESSENCE dashboard to monitor potential coronavirus encounters and supplement traditional case-finding activities.

This page contains information about Washington's syndromic surveillance system, Rapid Health Information Network (RHINO). This is a real-time, population-based monitoring system that is used to identify, investigate, and design data-driven, rapid responses to emerging public health threats. These data can provide insights into chronic disease burden, environmental threats, and injury trends. Because the data are so versatile, syndromic surveillance is rapidly growing into a basic tool for public health practitioners and their partners. This link directs to the RHINO data set.

Wastewater testing provides an alternative way to rapidly assess SARS-CoV-2 viral exposure among thousands of people, and in a manner that protects privacy. This cutting-edge surveillance tool can boost COVID-19 pandemic response by shedding light on infections among those who do not show symptoms or do not present for testing. Wastewater data can provide an early warning for new waves of infection and identify whether transmission is rising or waning. Many academic labs, such as the University of Arizona WEST lab, are conducting the testing. And Mathematica is providing analytics to translate lab data on sewage biomarkers into policy insights for state and local officials.

This website provides tables and visual comparisons of performance of different commercially-available antibody tests, including lateral flow assays (also known as rapid serology tests) and ELISA immunoassays. Performance metrics include specificity and sensitivity, as well as percent positive, and are shown for different time periods since illness onset. The website provides a link to the scientific paper (in pre-print) detailing findings and methods.

This page documents updates to the ICD-10-CM codes. Announcements linked on the page summarize the interim advice on coding for COVID-related illnesses and subsequent announcement of a COVID-19 diagnosis code,  U07.1.

These addenda summarize new additions to the ICD-10-CM list of diseases and injuries, including the addition of the COVID-19 diagnosis code and codes for vaping-related disorders.

This announcement from the American Medical Association (AMA) reports a new Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code for reporting COVID-19 tests.  It also links to a fact sheet that summarizes coding guidance for this new code. The fact sheet includes a summary of the code and its purpose, a clinical example, and a description of the procedure.

LOINC (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes) is a clinical terminology used worldwide; it is designed to consistently send clinical data electronically between health care entities. LOINC contains codes primarily for lab tests, diagnostic image testing, and clinical documentation and is mandated to be used to pass reportable lab test results to public health agencies. SNOMED, a clinical terminology, is a collection of medical terms across domains. This webinar from LOINC provides a recording and presentations from a collection of experts on the responses from key government and terminology experts on codes and descriptions to be used to consistently describe testing for and description of COVID-19.

This document provides checklists outlining the process of contact tracing if the person infected is a resident or staff member of a long-term care facility.

CDC has provided various guides for contact tracing. The Talking with a Patient guide allows for the collection of critical information about a person (patient) diagnosed with COVID-19 and potentially exposed contacts, while providing support, referrals, and answers to questions the patient may have. The guide includes a script and table of potential contacts and exposure locations. The Notification of Exposure guide allows for an exchange of information with the person (contact) exposed to COVID-19 and offers an opportunity to answer questions and provide referrals for testing, medical evaluation and other necessary support services. The guide includes detailed scripts for the introduction, collecting demographic and health information, and reviewing quarantine recommendations.

This call center script was developed to help public health organizations deliver the most relevant information to people who call in with concerns about COVID-19. Staff can perform an initial triage to help callers pursue care based on their COVID-19 symptoms, address questions and give advice to symptomatic people based on CDC guidelines, and maintain an ongoing pulse of key trends related to call volumes, topics of concern, geographic locations, and more, as needed. Registration to access the script is free.

The COVID-19 Contact Tracing Checklists are tools for health departments to use to plan the expansion of their contact tracing programs to be responsive to the COVID-19 pandemic. The checklists itemize key elements of a COVID-19 contact tracing program. There are two checklists: Program Development and Infrastructure.

The COVID-19 Patient Script for State Health Department Staff Assisting Local Health Departments document provides guidance for contact tracing staff when calling someone who recently had COVID-19. The COVID-19 Contact Investigation Interim Script document provides guidance when contacting an individual who may have had contact with someone while they were possibly contagious with COVID-19.

This document is intended to guide the notification of close contacts of COVID-19 cases so that they may begin self-quarantine and symptom monitoring, as recommended.

The Community Tracing Collaborative document provides a framework for reducing the spread of COVID-19, with examples of contact-tracing workflows and an outline of the scripts used for contact tracing. Key elements include widespread and decentralized testing; contact tracing; quarantine, isolation, and medical care; and support. The COVID-19 Community Tracing Collaborative Media and Outreach Approach page describes the efforts of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and Partners in Health to maximize visibility of and trust in the Community Tracing Collaborative. The goal is to build awareness of and trust in the program; describe how it works; detail supports provided to confirmed cases; and gather information to help flatten and lower the curve of COVID cases.

The Contact Tracing Telephone Scripts document includes various telephone scripts developed by Partners In Health and the COVID-19 Community Tracing Collaborative. Scripts include the following:

· Voicemail scripts

· Script #1. You’ve been diagnosed with COVID; who are your contacts?

· Script #2. Contact tracing and testing referral for individuals.

The goal of the playbook is to provide clear and action-oriented technical guidance and tools for federal, state, county, and local health departments to scale up COVID-19 contact-tracing efforts.

This 90-minute course is meant to complement existing disease surveillance systems, programs, and trainings, and includes interactive components that are 508 compliant.

Purdue University Global has developed a 6-8 hour self-paced course on contact tracing.

CDC provides a COVID-19 Contact Tracing Training: Guidance, Resources, and Sample Training Plan that includes training topics that might be helpful for state and local public health jurisdictions to consider when designing their own training plan for COVID-19 contact tracers. This web page summarizes the core elements of contact tracing to stop COVID-19 transmission. This interim guidance document is intended to assist state, local, territorial and tribal health departments develop jurisdictional plans for the implementation and enhancement of COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing efforts (content will be updated as new information is available).

ASTHO has developed a guide entitled "Coordinated, National Approach to Scaling Public Health Capacity for Contact Tracing and Disease Investigation." ASTHO's approach to contact tracing outlines a thee tier plan to layer contact investigator recruitment and training efforts: (1) a lay or para-professional contact tracer position, (2) a professional Disease Investigator Specialist (DIS) position, and (3) a healthcare provider or other clinical, epidemiologist, or other specialist positions to support tiers 1 and 2. These layers can be adapted by public health agencies based on their needs and specific circumstances, human resources systems, and available assets and resources.

ASTHO also provides an introductory online course for entry-level COVID-19 contact tracers, intended for health agencies rapidly training new contact tracers. The training will be augmented by state and local training required to orient individuals to jurisdiction-specific protocols. This training focuses on building knowledge for remote contact tracing; a subsequent release will include a module on field services. (You must create an account to sign in for free registration.)

This is a generalized version of a contact-tracing training created by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services for COVID-19. (You must create an account to login.)

The University of Houston, College of Medicine has developed 12 hours of self-paced training on contact-tracing procedures. (You must register for free training.)

The Contact Tracing Workforce Estimator (CT Estimator) is a tool for state and local leaders to prepare for COVID-19 contact tracing in order to safely reopen and protect the health of communities.

This Excel calculator helps estimate staff resources necessary for scaling up contact tracing.

This document classifies and summarizes key considerations for different digital contact tracing tools, and discusses opportunities for and challenges of integrating digital tools into contact tracing.

This Google document shows responses to a survey on apps used for contact tracing in the U.S. The survey includes information on the app name, intended use, app architecture, data storage, privacy, and more.

This brief summarizes various contact tracing apps, considerations for their implementation, and related legislative proposals.

This article assesses the risk trade-off between privacy and efficacy that results when using contact tracing apps. It concludes that app-based approaches enjoy important advantages for tracing COVID-19 and that privacy risks can be mitigated. However, it notes a number of digital-tracing weaknesses, and cautions that debates about tracing should not detract attention from other COVID-19 response efforts, such as testing.

The Digital Contact Tracing Tools for COVID-19 worksheet summarizes summarizes the primary uses and purposes of digital tracing tools, including the following:

· Case management tools that capture data on cases and contacts; some allow for automated notification and follow-up.

· Proximity tracking tools that use Bluetooth or GPS to track an individual’s exposure to cases; used in addition to contact tracing case management tools.

The Preliminary Criteria for the Evaluation of Digital Contact Tracing Tools for COVID-19 guidance document provides preliminary criteria to define minimum and preferred characteristics of digital contact tracing tools to help health departments overcome one or more obstacles in the COVID-19 contact tracing workflow. The guidance is based on preliminary research and targeted discussions with contact tracing and informatics experts across county, state, and federal governments; national public health associations; academic consortia; and nongovernmental organizations.

Whenever anyone anonymously self-reports a positive test, the app estimates who they might have transmitted COVID-19 to, based on which devices were near each other for long enough. NOVID alerts those people, and estimates who those people might have transmitted COVID-19 to and alerts them.

App uses Bluetooth signaling to detect other users in the area and will alert users anonymously if they were in contact with someone who was confirmed to be infected with COVID-19. Covid Watch has also published a white paper on "Slowing the spread of infectious diseases using crowd sourced data."

App can be used by both individuals and health authorities to enhance contact tracing.

App alerts users about highly relevant public health announcements and potential exposure to COVID-19, and assists public health officials and contact tracing teams without compromising personal privacy.

This tool traces proximity events. Tracing potential proximity events can be applied to contact tracing to help find potential contact events.

Voluntary, Bluetooth-based contact tracing application includes self-reported symptom sharing to support exposure notification even before confirmation of test results.

This website includes a video, info sheets, and technical specifications that describe PACT’s system for identifying people at risk of spreading COVID-19, by using the Bluetooth signals that cell phones send to each other. The site was developed in collaboration with Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston University, Carnegie Mellon University, Weizmann Institute of Science, SRI and Brown University, and a few individual contributors.

A National Plan to Enable Comprehensive COVID-19 Case Finding and Contact Tracing in the U.S. outlines a vision for how to manage the COVID-19 pandemic, including ways to greatly expand case identification and contact-tracing capabilities; actions that the federal, state, and local governments and other organizations must take to stand up these capabilities as quickly as possible; and resources that will be necessary to accomplish comprehensive case finding and contact tracing. The Review of Mobile Application Technology to Enhance Contact Tracing Capacity for COVID-19 document reviews prominent apps developed to support contact tracing for COVID-19. It does not provide recommendations or examine the privacy or security implications of these technologies. Johns Hopkins has also developed a free six-hour training in Coursera on contact tracing.

This article discuses some of the digital contact-tracing apps that are under consideration for use in the United States, including North and South Dakota’s Care 19 app and Utah’s Healthy Together app.

Google and Apple have provided draft documentation and technical specifications for an Exposure Notification system in service of privacy-preserving contact tracing.

The authors of this editorial discuss the implementation of app-based contact tracing to control the COVID-19 pandemic and discuss its data protection and user accessibility aspects.

The authors published a list of dos and don’ts for privacy-friendly COVID-19 contact-tracing apps.

This report summarizes pressing issues with contact tracing, as well as recommendations, which include implementing a data-driven, needs-based approach.

This white paper covers various aspects of contact tracing, including digital and enhanced manual contact tracing, an evaluation framework, communicating about individual incentives, and assurances regarding privacy and security, among other topics.

Clear Outcomes and IDS compiled a dataset of state resources available for COVID-19 contact tracing, rapid testing, and antibody testing. They individually researched all 50 states and the District of Columbia from April 20-23 to compile whether information on COVID-19 contact tracing was publicly available on the State Health Department website.

This web page provides information on NACCHO’s COVID-19 response and lists resources related to COVID-19.

This web page provides up-to-date information on the status of COVID-19 in the United States and abroad, the actions that states and territories have taken to address it, and the latest efforts by the federal government.

This document includes the following information that might be useful for implementing COVID-19 contact-tracing programs: introduction to contact tracing in the Ebola response, general considerations for contact tracing, case definition, planning and preparation, personnel, implementation, and tools for contact tracing.

This data set contains federally designated areas or populations with a shortage of health care workers. The Health Resource Service Administration’s Bureau of Health Workforce developed criteria to designate whether or not an area or population is a Health Professional Shortage Area, Medically Underserved Area, or Medically Underserved Population. The data set is freely available on Google Cloud. (After clicking “View Dataset,” first-time users need to create a project in Google Cloud to access the data).

This data table includes all hospitals that have been registered with Medicare. This list includes addresses, phone numbers, hospital types, and quality of care information. Quality of care data are available for more than 4,000 Medicare-certified hospitals across the country, including more than 130 Veterans Affairs medical centers. You can use these data to find hospitals and compare the quality of their care. This data set is freely available on Google Cloud. (After clicking “View Dataset,” first-time users need to create a project in Google Cloud to access the data).

Medicare-certified institutional providers are required to submit an annual cost report to a Medicare Administrative Contractor (MAC). The cost report contains provider information such as facility characteristics, utilization data, cost and charges by cost center (in total and for Medicare), Medicare settlement data, and financial statement data. Together with Provider of Service (POS) data, these data can be used to measure hospital availability and supply.

These data may be of use for linking hospitals to health systems and characteristics of health systems.

Data sources to identify the location and affiliations of physicians and other clinicians include commercial and state databases ranging from large databases compiled from multiple sources to lists maintained by state licensing boards.  

HIEs may provide useful information about real-time utilization by using their Admission, Discharge, Transfer (ADT) notification systems. To access these data, states will need to work with their HIE organizations to tap into the ADT information. In 2010, the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) made State Health Information Exchange (State HIE) Cooperative Agreement Program awards to 56 states, eligible territories, and qualified State-Designated Entities. CMS issued the interoperability and patient access final rule on March 9, 2020. States have six months to comply with the rule.

This GIS feature layer provides information on hospital capacities, including the number of licensed beds, number of staffed beds, and number of ICU beds.

SafeGraph provides aggregated and anonymized spatial data on how people move throughout the U.S., including locations of points of interest where people spend time or money and traffic patterns (how often people visit, how long they stay, where they came from, where else they go) for specific places. Researchers can get free access to the data after completing a Google Form request.

The CCVI combines data on COVID-19 risk factors and local healthcare systems with the CDC's Social Vulnerability Index to estimate county-level vulnerability to the COVID-19 pandemic. The vulnerability index is based on pre-COVID data and is meant to identify communities that are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19. The county-level vulnerability index is available for download via a spreadsheet.

This webpage provides an overview on states' progress in meeting key metrics for reopening, including metrics related to 14-day case trends and test positivity. Data from each table provided can be downloaded, and their code has been made publicly available via GitHub. The site was developed through a collaboration of public health experts.

Launched in 2018, the City Health Dashboard provides data on dozens of health, social, economic, envrionmental, and clinical care measures for U.S. cities with a population 50,000 or more. The dashboard includes maps showing how each measure varies across counties within the area.

This website estimates how much risk COVID-19 poses to individuals. Users can get estimates by entering their zip code, age, gender, symptom presence, and social distancing measures.

The LIHTC program gives state and local agencies the equivalent of nearly $8 billion in annual budget authority to issue tax credits for the acquisition, rehabilitation, or new construction of rental housing targeted to lower-income households. The LIHTC database, created by HUD and available to the public since 1997, contains information on more than 47,000 projects and 3 million housing units placed in service between 1987 and 2017. It is the only complete national source of information on the size, unit mix, and location of individual projects. This data set is freely available on Google Cloud. (After clicking "View Dataset," first-time users need to create a project in Google Cloud to access the data).

This dashboard provides a COVID-19 risk profile for each U.S. county based on a Pandemic Vulnerability Index (PVI), which is calculated using data from the CDC, county health rankings, and other population-level data. Components include a social distancing score, age distribution, number of hospital beds and co-morbities among others.

This site contains maps to identify neighborhoods with a higher risk of COVID-19 infections, based on demographic risk factors such as age, pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, and people living alone.

This public data set was created by CMS and summarizes counts of enrollees who are dually eligible for both the Medicare and Medicaid programs, including those in Medicare Savings Programs.

This public data set provides a county-level view of income, wages, proprietors’ income, dividends, interest, rents, and government benefits, including a number of federal- and state-level subsidies.

The U.S. census count (also known as the Decennial Census of Population and Housing) is a count of every U.S. resident. The census occurs every 10 years and is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Census data are publicly available through the census website, but much of the data are available in summarized data and graphs. The raw data are often difficult to obtain, are typically divided by region, and must be processed and combined to provide information about the nation as a whole. This data set is freely available on Google Cloud. (After clicking “View Dataset,” first-time users need to create a project in Google Cloud to access the data).

The U.S. Census Bureau’s international data set provides estimates of country populations since 1950 and projections through 2050. Specifically, the data set includes midyear population figures, broken down by age and gender assignment at birth. In addition, time-series data are provided for fertility rates, birth rates, death rates, and migration rates. This data set is freely available on Google Cloud. (After clicking “View Dataset,” first-time users need to create a project in Google Cloud to access the data).

This database represents the most comprehensive national-level assessment of homelessness in America and is based on data reported in the Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress. The data include point-in-time counts of homeless individuals; housing inventory counts conducted annually; and estimates of chronically homeless persons, homeless veterans, and homeless children and youth. This data set is freely available on Google Cloud. (After clicking “View Dataset,” first-time users need to create a project in Google Cloud to access the data).

This public data set published by USDA summarizes the total number of enrollees in SNAP by region. SNAP provides nutrition benefits to supplement the food budget of families and persons meeting eligibility criteria related to monthly income.

This dashboard seeks to help federal, state, and local officials across the country—particularly those in smaller communities—prepare for an onslaught of COVID-19 cases. The dashboard brings together a host of factors — from the relative age of the population to the number of nearby hospital beds and staff — to determine which counties are well-prepared for an outbreak and which counties might need more help.

This dashboard uses U.S. Census data to estimate child care demand for the children of workers in critical sectors. It contains a map showing the number of children at-need and allows for selection of various types of providers, from teachers to childcare workers and school administrators.

This GIS feature layer contains practice locations of physician and non-physician health care providers. Another GIS feature layer summarizes the 2018 CDC social vulnerability index (SVI) by U.S. county and census tract. The SVI is based on social factors from the U.S. census data including poverty, lack of vehicle access, and crowded housing. 

Several efforts are underway to use claims data to identify those at risk of COVID-19 and at risk of more severe outcomes based on medical history.   

Claims data, even if they are not current, are useful for identifying at-risk populations for proactive surveillance and to model the impact of risk on demand for services.

The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP, pronounced "H-Cup") is a family of health care databases and related software tools and products developed through a federal-state-industry partnership and sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). HCUP databases bring together the data collection efforts of state data organizations, hospital associations, private data organizations, and the federal government to create a national information resource of encounter-level health care data (HCUP Partners).

Many states collect Hospital Discharge Abstract Data that capture administrative, clinical, and demographic information on hospital discharges (including deaths, sign-outs, and transfers).

This webpage provides simple visualizations of the U.S. Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey, which has collected weekly data on the impact of COVID-19 on household health, housing, and livelihoods, disaggregated by state, metro area, race, and ethnicity. The webpage allows policymakers and the public easily examine the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on racial and ethnic minorities. The cleaned data used on the webpage is available through the Urban Institute's data catalog or their GitHub repository.

This dashboard, which draws on anonymized data from private companies and the U.S. Census Bureau, shows the economic impacts of COVID-19, including impacts on consumer spending, unemployment, small business revenue, and job postings, by industry. The dashboard also displays COVID-19 impacts on education from Zearn (an education non-profit that partners with schools to provide a program called Zearn Math) and case data from The New York Times. The underlying data are not currently publicly available, though may be made available in the future.

Created in response to COVID-19, the U.S. Census Bureau Household Pulse Survey collects data on household experiences related to employment, eduation, food security, housing security, and mental and physical well-being during the COVID pandemic. State-level data are collected and released weekly. The Census Bureau provides an interactive dashboard with maps, figures, and sortable tables showing data summaries , as well as downloadable data spreadsheets.

The U.S. Census Bureau's Small Business Pulse Survey collects data on the impact of COVID-19 on small businesses throughout the U.S. The webpage links to a dashboard that provides maps and graphs summarizing the data (which are periodically updated), and links to downloadable state- and MSA- level datasets.

This tool allows users to simulate COVID-19 outcomes, including total infections, hospitalizations, recoveries, and deaths. Users input assumptions about COVID-19 transmission and policy interventions, and the tool runs simulations of an epidemiological model to forecast the impact of COVID-19 on the population. Uniquely, this tool allows users to specify different intervention strategies for the first and expected second waves of COVID-19. The underlying code is available via GitHub.

This website gives projections of hospital capacity (such as number of ICU and hospital beds) for each of the 306 hospital markets (Hospital Referral Regions) in the U.S. The application allows users to select different scenarios for infection rates and length of time until a vaccine is widely available. More information on the forecasting tool can be found in news stories from The New York Times and ProPublica. The HGHI team also wrote a piece on how to make sense of changing predictions and the inherent uncertainty around forecast estimates.

This interactive tool designed by MGH (in collaboration with Harvard Medical School, Georgia Tech, and the Boston Medical Center) evaluates the impact of different social-distancing interventions (by varying their intensity and timing) on reduction in the spread of coronavirus in the U.S. until August 31, 2020. The information can help policymakers understand consequences of such interventions on the rate of new cases, potential strain on the healthcare system, and projected deaths. Data is available at the country and state level, with comparisons available between states.

This site contains several national- and state-level forecasts of cumulative COVID-19 deaths for the next four weeks. Forecasting teams (largely from U.S. universities) predict numbers of deaths using different data types (e.g., COVID-19 data, demographic data, mobility data), statistical methods, and estimates of the impacts of interventions (e.g. social distancing, use of face coverings).

This website provides state-by-state data aimed at supporting the decision to reopen the economy. State and county reopening risk levels (coded as elevated, moderate, or reduced) are based on 3 criteria: whether COVID-19 infections are in retreat, whether testing is widely available, and whether hospitals have enough resources.

This open-source tool allows hospitals to project new hospital admissions, ICU admissions, and patients requiring ventilation due to COVID-19. Users input data about their hospital and population and modify assumptions related to the spread of COVID-19. The tool then runs an epidemiological SIR (Susceptible, Infectious, Recovered) model to project the number of new hospitalizations per day. This tool can be used to create best- and worst-case scenarios to assist with hospital capacity planning. Related information includes user documentation (describing the objective of the app, data inputs, and tool outputs), a GitHub repository (developers can contribute to the tool or branch off to modify or expand on the code), and developer documentation.

This tool allows users to project exposures, infections, and hospitalizations due to COVID-19. Users input assumptions about COVID-19 transmission and clinical dynamics and the tool uses an epidemiological SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Recovered) model to project the spread of COVID-19 and resulting hospitalizations.

The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) projections include state and national information about COVID-19 case counts, hospital/ICU beds, and invasive ventilators available and needed for the projected cases. Projections are shown in graph form across time.

This dashboard visualizes aggregated temperature data collected from Kinsa Insights' network of Smart Thermometers. The dashboard maps "(1) the trend in how illness levels are changing in the past week, (2) the illness levels we’re currently observing, and (3) the degree to which those levels are higher than the typical levels we expect to see at this point in the flu season" at the county level. Note that this dashboard does not track COVID-19 cases directly. This web page summarizes the technical approach used, including the statistical methods used to compare the method against the Influenza B outbreak in fall 2019.

This document quantifies COVID-19 risk levels at the county- and state-level, based on the number of new daily cases, and provides general guidance to policy makers and the public on targetting and suppressing COVID-19 outbreaks, for populations with different risk levels. The framework specifies key performance indicators for testing and contact tracing at each risk level and stresses the need to continue suppression at all risk levels. The guidance was developed by a network of research, policy and public health experts brought together by Harvard’s Global Health Institute and the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics.

This document summarizes CDC’s initiatives, activities, and tools in support of the Whole-of-Government response to COVID-19. The document includes guidance on COVID-19 surveillance, measuring the impact on the U.S. healthcare system, infection control and contract tracing, test usage (including asymptomatic popluations and serology), and hospital gating indicators.

The Rockerfeller Foundation published a report outlining guidelines for reopening the U.S. economy in the context of the global pandemic. Central to their plan is the expansion of a national testing campaign that includes contact tracing of infected individuals. Their report details how to make such a plan a reality, in part by encouraging coordination between the private and public sectors. These recommendations are in line with those from the Harvard Center for Ethics.

This report outlines recommendations on how to reopen the American economy through what Harvard deems a TTSI (Testing, Tracing and Supported Isolation) path. The report recommends implementing at least 5 million daily tests by early June to ensure an initial safe reopening of economic activity. It also describes a need for innovation in testing, and how the public and private sector can work together to spur economic growth in a safe public health context. This report is in line with the recommendations from the Rockefeller Foundation.

This site provides information on school closures across the U.S. A map shows what types of closures are in place, and several tables provide current and historical details on the duration of closures in each state.

This website contains information on school closures for 46 districts. It compiles district-level data into a map and links to a table with detailed information on district responses to school closures.

This ArcGIS solution includes a collection of maps and apps intended for use by public health agencies to understand the impact of COVID-19. The solution includes applications to track cases, policy changes, and testing sites.

This is a living document tracking states’ policy changes. It details what policies states have implemented, and when they have done so.

This living document is a summary of policy measures taken by federal agencies and states related to COVID-19. It shows measures in the U.S. in general, and by agency, and records the date they were issued.

This website is a compilation of several dashboards showing COVID-19-related data. Example available dashboards include a Social Distancing Scorecard, which grades states’ and counties’ social distancing efforts by comparing mobility before and after COVID-19, and a U.S. map of COVID-19 cases.

The WHO website contains information for individuals, states, and agencies about how to handle the recent spread of the coronavirus, including news on recent developments as well as guidelines and trainings to prevent virus transmission. This link contains technical guidance for countries, laboratories, and public health agencies regarding the handling of COVID-19 (topics include emergency preparedness and response, guidance on clinical care, risk communication and community engagement, and more). This link contains links to daily WHO COVID-19 situation reports, which presents global and regional case counts and highlights top COVID news globally.

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) press release from March 23, 2020, on the 11 waivers and what is in them.

This website contains information for beneficiaries and states that outlines Medicaid policies in the event of a crisis. Information includes Q&As between beneficiaries and Medicaid (such as how to enroll additional family members in Medicaid or replace a lost Medicaid card); a disaster preparedness toolkit; a memorandum with a summary of the types of Medicaid and CHIP strategies that can be deployed in an emergency situation, as well as an inventory of the various strategies available to states and the action needed to effectuate them; and FAQs for Medicaid and CHIP agencies (on topics such as resources available, emergency preparedness and response, benefit flexibilities, financing flexibilities, and more).

This web page summarizes a variety of state-level information related to COVID-19 including the number of cases, policy responses, at-risk populations based on health status, health insurance coverage, treatment capacity, and test positivity rates. Data sets on the web page are downloadable as .csv files. Scroll down on the page to see a table and map on "State COVID-19 Health Policy Actions," which show Section 1135 waivers approved.

This link contains information on federal and state policies related to COVID-19, in addition to U.S. news. Information is split up by type (ex: roadmap to recovery, health system readiness, funding, and more) and state. It also includes a state action tracker.

This page is a summary of how telehealth policies are changing and what is covered by various public and private payers with the information that has been released. It is a living document that could change frequently as new information and new policies become available or are enacted. It includes information at the federal level and some state-level guidance.

An FAQ about Medicare telehealth, including how recently enacted legislation will allow CMS to utilize Medicare telehealth to address the coronavirus (COVID-19) public health emergency, what services can be provided by telehealth under the emergency declaration, and whether physicians and other qualified providers will be able to furnish Medicare telehealth services to beneficiaries in their homes.

Primer is an AI company that uses natural language processing to summarize emerging evidence from COVID-19 research published in PubMed-indexed journals, bioRxiv preprint repository, medRxiv preprint repository, and the arXiv preprint repository. They have created a dashboard that lists and links to articles trending in news outlets and on social media, and they have a searchable list of research categories and topics. The resource enables researchers and policy makers to identify key COVID-19 research papers and trends, and to search a database of key words to identify relevant research.

This webpage provides data on how funding from the CARES Act was distributed to providers. The site includes reports showing which providers received a payment from the CARES Act general distribution, and targeted distributions to high-impact providers, safety net hospitals, rural hospitals (including critical access hospitals), and skilled nursing facilities. The underlying provider-level data can be downloaded from this page, and additional data on providers who received funding through the High-Impact Allocation of the Provider Relief Fund are available on this page.

This database contains a repository of research on COVID-19 from public and private sources. It provides de-identified and limited datasets from medical and pharmacy claims data, electronic health record data, mortality data, and consumer data. Data are available to members; for non-members, registration for access is free, though only not-for-profit, non-commercial use will be approved.

This page contains links to many resources related to COVID-19, behavioral health, public health, and health administration, in addition to information on upcoming webinars on all of these topics.

The ACS is an ongoing survey of more than 3.5 million households across the country that provides vital information on a yearly basis about the United States and its people. The resulting data set provides extremely detailed demographic information, aggregated at various geographic levels, to help determine how more than $675 billion in federal and state funding are distributed each year. This data set is freely available on Google Cloud. (After clicking “View Dataset,” first-time users need to create a project in Google Cloud to access the data).

This report reviews best practices for using data resources from ICPSR, its projects, and its collaborating partners for measuring the impact of epidemics. The report summarizes resources to identify measures of well-being, social connectedness, and other constructs that measure social and behavioral effects of the COVID-19 epidemic on populations’ health outcomes. The site includes suggestions for data resources to identify pre-crisis measures of social distancing, social networks, consumer confidence, unemployment, and the use of social media.

This is a curated literature hub that tracks up-to-date scientific information about the 2019 novel coronavirus published in PubMed. The website links to articles organized by topic (for example, treatment, diagnosis, or number of cases).

This open-access archive houses probability-based survey data and reports measuring public attitudes, behavior, and experiences related to the pandemic. It provides a weekly summary of key results each Friday morning.

This is an open-source analysis and visualization of pathogen sequence data for COVID-19. This PDF describes the monitoring process and associated costs.

The main website contains links to the COVID-19 genome globally or by world region.