The U.S. Department of Labor awards National Emergency Grants (NEGs) to states or local areas that need supplemental resources to provide workforce development services. This report summarizes an evaluation of NEGs to military communities to support U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) employment efforts—initially, to downsize and then, after the events of 9/11/2001 and the war in Afghanistan, to retain military personnel. Four types of clients were targeted for services: involuntarily separated military personnel, military spouses, DoD civilian personnel, and returning members of the National Guard and reserves. The evaluation looked at the program’s history and implementation; provided information about the makeup of the target populations, costs associated with serving them, services they received, and employment experiences of those exiting program services; and identified policy implications, such as how the workforce investment system might better serve military populations.