This report summarizes a rigorous randomized evaluation of a teamwork and goal-setting intervention in Bihar, India, that uses incentives and lessons from motivational theory to encourage teams of frontline health workers to improve maternal and child health in their communities. The study found large positive impacts on increased teamwork among frontline health workers and improved frequency of home visits and interactions with program beneficiaries, as well as more modest impacts on health behaviors for beneficiaries. The study recommends strengthening the leadership of auxiliary nurse midwives and clarifying goals for health workers when scaling up the program.