The Millennium Challenge Corporation’s (MCC) Land Productivity Project is part of a 5-year compact which went into force in 2017. The project aims to increase land productivity by providing land titles for farmers who currently hold customary rights to collective land, building and improving industrial zones and supporting national land policy reform that includes updating and improving land laws, regulations and administrative processes governing land.

In this report, we describe the design for the evaluation of two of the activities implemented by the project: the Rural Land Activity and the Industrial Land Activity. For the Rural Land Activity evaluation, Mathematica will conduct a mixed-methods performance evaluation and an impact evaluation using a spatial regression discontinuity design. We will evaluate whether providing smallholder farmers with land titles improves tenure security, access to credit, land productivity, income, and the frequency of land transactions and conflicts. Mathematica will also assess the program’s impacts on female farmers (who have historically faced challenges to accessing and claiming rights to collective land), and measure perceptions and social norms around female land access and ownership using questions from the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEIA). Baseline data collection will include a household survey, key informant interviews, focus groups and crop cuts to measure yield. The Industrial Land Activity will focus on introducing systemic changes to transform the development and management of industrial land. Mathematica will conduct a mixed-methods performance evaluation. We will evaluate whether developing and establishing a market-driven industrial land approach will increase the availability of industrial land, occupancy rates, job growth and employment opportunities, and the attractiveness of and returns on private investment.